Climate Change Chart of Madrid, Spain

Overview of climate changes

Temperature changes

Averaged across calendar months, monthly mean temperature shows a difference of +1.64 °C compared with the earlier reference period. This is an unweighted mean of monthly means, not a day-weighted annual average, and it describes the aggregate rather than the change in every month; these means are not daytime maximum temperatures. The largest monthly increase was in December, with a difference of +2.31 °C. That identifies the strongest monthly increase in the supplied temperature facts, not a continuous trend between the reference periods.

Changes in rainfall

Averaged across calendar months, mean daily rainfall had a difference of +0.16 mm/day. This is an unweighted average of monthly mean daily amounts, not a day-weighted annual average or a monthly rainfall total, and it does not mean that rainfall increased in every month. The largest monthly increase was in November, where mean daily rainfall had a difference of +0.55 mm/day. By contrast, the largest monthly decreases were tied in February / May, each with a difference of -0.23 mm/day; these are differences in daily means, not monthly totals.

Changes in sunshine duration

Averaged across calendar months, mean daily sunshine duration had a difference of -0.28 hours/day compared with the earlier period. This unweighted average describes the overall difference across monthly means, rather than a day-weighted annual average or a decrease in every month. The largest monthly decrease was in November, with a difference of -0.82 hours/day hours per day. The largest increase was in January, where the difference was +0.08 hours/day; together, these monthly contrasts show why the aggregate does not describe every month individually.

Changes in snowfall

Averaged across calendar months, mean daily snowfall had a difference of -0.25 mm/day. This is an unweighted mean across monthly means, not a day-weighted annual average, and it does not imply the same change in every month. The largest monthly decrease was in December, with a difference of -1.22 mm/day in mean daily snowfall. In March, the largest monthly increase was a difference of +0.15 mm/day; these are changes in daily means rather than monthly snowfall totals.